CHAPTER 2
1. It is assumed that the world has about ___________ languages.
A. 3000 B. 2000 C. 1000 D.4000
2. It is assumed that the world has approximately 3000 (some put it 5000) languages, which can be grouped into roughly ___________ language families on the basis of similarities in their basic word stock and grammar.
A. 500 B. 4000 C. 300 D.2000
3. The Indo-European Language Family accordingly fall into ___________ principle groups, which can be grouped into an Eastern set and Western set.
A. eight B. six C. five D. several
4. In the Eastern set, ___________ and ___________ are each the only modern language respectively.
A. Italic; Germanic B. Armenian; Albanian C. Celtic; Hellenic
D. Balto-Slavic; Indo-Iranian
5. The following words are derived from the dead language Sanskrit except ___________.
A. Persian B. Bengali C. Hindi D. Romany
6. All these languages have some influence on English to a greater or lesser extent because each has ___________ the English vocabulary.
A. borrowed words from B. enlarged words to C. decreased words to D. lent words into
7. We find the following languages in the Celtic except ___________.
A. Scottish B. Irish C. Danish D. Breton
8. The Balto-Slavic comprises such modern languages as Prussian, Lithuanian, Polish, Czech, Bulgarian, Slovenian and ___________.
A. Greek B. Roman C. Indian D. Russian
9. Indo-Iranian comprises the modern language except ___________.
A. Persian B. Bengali
C. Hindi, Romany D. Polish
10. The five Romance languages, namely, Portuguese, Spanish, French, Italian, Romanian all belong to the Italic through an intermediate language called ___________.
A. Sanskrit B. Latin C. Celtic D. Anglo-Saxon
11. The first peoples known to inhabit England were ___________.
A. Celts B. Romans C. Anglo-Saxons D. Jutes
12. Which of the following is not included in the Germanic tribes?
A. Angles. B. Celtic. C. Saxons. D. Jutes.
13. Some foreign languages have impact on old English except ___________.
A. French B. Latin C. Norwegian D. Danish
14. After the ___________, the Germanic tribes called Angles, Saxons, and Jutes came in great numbers.
A. Greeks
B. Indians C. Romans D. French
15. As a result, Celtic made only a ___________ contribution to the English vocabulary.
A. small B. big C. great D. smaller
16. The introduction of ___________ at the end of the 6th century had a great impact on the English vocabulary.
A. printing B. Christianity C. French words D. all the above
17. After the invading Germanic tribes settled down in Britain, their language almost totally blotted out the ___________.
A. Old English B. Middle English C. Anglo-Saxon D. Celtic
18. Old English has a vocabulary of about ___________ words. A. 30000 to 40000 B. 40000 to 50000 C. 50000 to 60000 D. 60000 to 70000
19. It is estimated that at least ___________ words of Scandinavian origin have survived in modern English.
A. 1200 B. 800
C. 900 D. 1000
20. Which of the following is not Scandinavian origin? A. Skirt. B. Alter. C. Their. D. Birth.
21. The ___________ family consists of the four Northern European Languages: Norwegian, Icelandic, Danish and Swedish, which are generally known as Scandinavian languages.
A. Germanic B. Indo-European C. Albanian D. Hellenic
22. Old English vocabulary was essentially ___________ with a number of borrowings from Latin and Scandinavian.
A. Italic B. Germanic C. Celtic D. Hellenic
23. The Norman Conquest in 1066 introduced a large number of words into the English vocabulary.
A. French B. Greek C. Danish D. Latin
24. In the 9th century the land was invaded again by Norwegian and Danish Vikings. With the invaders, many ___________ words came into the English language.
A. Greek
B. Roman C. Celtic D. Scandinavian
25. Which of the following is NOT true about Old English? A. Users of Old English borrowed heavily from Latin and other languages.
B. Old English has a vocabulary of about 50000 to 60000. C. Old English refers to the English language used from 450 to 1150.
D. Old English was a highly inflected language.
26. Identify the word that ___________ is of Scandinavian origin among the following.
A. skirt B. dress C. model D. status
27. The Norman Conquest started a continual flow of French words into English ___________ of them are still in use today.
A. Eighty-five percent B. Fifty-six percent C. Seventy-two percent D. Seventy-five percent
28. By the end of the ___________ century, virtually all of the people who held political or social power and many of those in powerful Church positions were of Norman French origin.
A. 10th B. 11th C. 12th D. 13th
29. Modern English began with the establishment of
___________ in England.
A. printing
B. Bourgeois Revolution C. Industrial Revolution D. the Renaissance
30. Considering the changes in ___________, we regard the year of ___________ as the divison line of Early and Late Modern English.
A. grammar; 1600 B. grammar; 1700 C. vocabulary; 1600 D. vocabulary; 1700
31. Since the beginning of the 20th century, ___________ has become even more important for the expansion of English vocabulary.
A. word-formation B. borrowing C. semantic change D. both B and C
32. Which of the following is NOT one of the main sources of new words?
A. The rapid development of modern science and technology. B. Geographical and political changes.
C. The influence of other cultures and languages. D. Social and economic changes.
33. Social, economic and political changes bring about such new words as the followings EXCEPT ___________.
A. kungfu B. TV dinner C. fast food
D. Watergate
34. The modes of modern English vocabulary grow through three major channels: ___________, semantic change, ___________.
A. exchange; lending B. derivation; borrowing C. creation; borrowing D. affixation; creation
35. In modern times, ___________ is the most important way of vocabulary expansion.
A. creation
B. semantic change C. borrowing
D. reviving archaic or obsolete words
36. ___________ has played a vital role in the development of vocabulary, particularly in earlier times.
A. creation
B. semantic change C. borrowing D. obsolete words
37. Which of the following is one of the three channels through which modern English vocabulary
develops? A. Acronym. B. Blending. C. Elevation. D. Borrowing.
38. ___________ means an old form which takes on a new meaning to meet the new need.
A. Creation
B. Semantic change
C. Borrowing D. Derivation
39. The word of \"recollection\" is formed by ___________. A. creation
B. semantic change C. borrowing D. collocation
40. It is assumed that the world has 3 000 languages, which can be grouped into roughly ___________ language families on the basis of similarities in their basic word stock and grammar. A. 200 B. 300
C. 400 D. 500
41. The following languages all belong to the Eastern set except___________.
A. Balto-Slavic B. Indo-Iranian C. Armenian D. Italic
42. In the Eastern set, Armenian and___________ are the sole modern languages in two respective families.
A. Albanian B. Russian C. Slovenian D. Lithuanian
43. Which language does not belong to the Italic? A. Portuguese. B. Spanish. C. Welsh. D. French.
44. The early inhabitants of the British Isles spoke___________. A. English B. Celtic C. Scandinavian D. Hellenic
45. The Germanic speakers took permanent control of the land that was later called___________ (the land of Angles).
A. German B. Greece C. England D. American
46. Old English has a vocabulary of about 50 000 to 60 000words, which is entirely Germanic with only a few borrowings from___________ and Scandinavian.
A. Latin B. Greek C. Celtic D. French
47. The influx of French words into English did not occur until after___________.
A. 1200 B. 1300 C. 1400 D. 1500
48. In the Middle English period, the three main dialects of the land were Northern, ___________ and Midland.
A. Eastern B. Western C. Southern D. Oriental
49. ___________ is the chief ancestor of Modern English, not Southern.
A. Eastern B. Western C. Northern D. Midland
50. The Norman Conquest started a continual flow of___________ words into English.
A. Latin B. Greek C. Danish D. French
51. Midland is an ___________ dialect, as its name implies, and intelligible to Northerners and Southerners alike.
A. middle B. intermediate C. interchangeable D. internal
52. The number of ___________ words that poured into English was unbelievably great and covered every realm of culture and society in the Middle English period.
A. French B. German C. Latin D. Russian
53. Before English regained social status in Middle English period, those in power spoke French; those who were literate read and wrote ___________; those who could educate their children taught them in ___________; and any young man who sought to earn his living as a scribe learned ___________or
___________.
A. Latin; French; Latin; French B. French; French; French; English C. French; French; Latin; French D. Greek; French; Greek; French
54. In the early period of Modern English, Europe saw a new upsurge in learning ancient Greek and Roman classics, which is known in history as the ___________.
A. Renewal B. Revival C. Rebound D. Renaissance
55. Since the beginning of the 20th century, particularly after World War II, although borrowing remains a channel of English vocabulary expansion, more words are created by ___________.
A. analogy B. word-formation C. transfer D. conversion
56. The Anglo-Saxon in the Old English period was almost a \"___________\" language, which created new words from its own compound elements with few foreign words.
A. unique B. fashion C. pure D. old
57. As one scholar notes, old English was characterized by \" ___________ endings\Middle English by \"leveled endings\and Modern English by \" ___________ endings\".
A. full; lost
B. lost; full C. full; pure D. pure; lost
58. Old English which was a ___________ language has evolved to the present language.
A. analytic; synthetic B. synthetic; analytic C. agglutinative; analytic D. isolating; synthetic
59. Of all the foreign languages from which we have borrowed words, Latin, Greek, French, and ___________ stand out as the major contributors.
A. Italian B. German C. Dutch D. Scandinavian
60. In the Pre-Anglo-Saxon period, the words borrowed naturally from Latin reflected the new conceptions and experience in ___________ and ___________.
A. war; economy B. economy; agriculture C. war; place names D. war; agriculture
61. In the Old English period, borrowings from Latin came in because of the introduction of Christianity, such as, ___________ and ___________.
A. cook; candle B. shrine; sack C. candle; shrine D. mass; circle
62. The ___________ centuries were especially prolific in Latin borrowings under the influence of Renaissance.
A. 12th and 13th B. 13th and 14th C. 14th and 15th D. 15th and 16th
63. Some late borrowings from Latin still retain their Latin forms. Which of the following was borrowed in the Modern English period?
A. Frustrate. B. Focus. C. Logic. D. Trade.
64. Which of the following does not come from Greek? A. Piano. B. Synonym. C. Philosophy. D. Lexicology.
65. Typhoon is from ___________ and tatami is from ___________. A. Chinese; African B. Chinese; Japanese C. Arabic; Turkish D. Malay; Japanese
66. Modern English vocabulary develops through ___________. A. terminology, analogy and borrowing B. creation* semantic change and borrowing C. creation, archaisms and semantic change D. semantic change, denizens and argot
67. Which of the following contemporary English vocabulary is from the rapid growth of science and technology?
A. Fallout. B. Pant suit. C. Black belt. D. Mao jackets.
68. The Scandinavian languages: Norwegian* Swedish, Danish and Icelandic, constitute the ___________ branch of the Germanic group.
A. eastern B. western C. northern D. southern
69. Reviving archaic or ___________ words also contributes to the growth of English vocabulary though insignificant.
A. obsolete B. old C. used D. ancient
70. It is assumed that the world has about ___________ languages.
A. 3,000 B. 2,000 C. 1,000 D. 4,000
71. All languages can be grouped into roughly ___________ language families on the basis of similarities in their basic word stock and grammar.
A. 200 B. 300 C. 400 D. 500
72. The Indo-European language family is made up of most of the languages in the following places except ___________.
A. Europe B. the Near East C. India D. Africa
73. The prehistoric Indo-European parent language is thought to be a highly ___________ language.
A. developed B. advanced C. inflected D. complicated
74. In the western set of the Indo-European language family, Greek is the modern language derived from ___________.
A. Hellenic B. Celtic C. Spanish D. Dutch
75. We find the following languages in the Celtic except ___________.
A. Scottish B. Irish C. Danish D. Breton
76. The first peoples known to inhabit on British Isles were ___________.
A. Romans B. Germans C. Celts D. Saxons
77. Now people generally refer to ___________ as old English. A. Anglo-Saxon B. Celtic C. Latin D. Armenian
78. Which of the following is not included in the Germanic tribes?
A. Angles B. Celtic C. Saxons D. Jutes
79. Old English has a vocabulary of about ___________ words. A. 40,000 to 50,000 B. 50,000 to 60,000 C. 60,000 to 70,000 D. 30,000 to 40,000
80. Old English refers to the language used between ___________ and ___________.
A. 410, 1150 B.450, 1150 C. 410, 1100 D.450, 1100
81. Some foreign languages have impact on old English except ___________.
A. French B. Latin C. Norwegian D. Danish
82. It is estimated that at least ___________ words of Scandinavian origin have survived in Modern English.
A. 1,200 B. 800 C. 900 D. 1,000
83. Which of the following is not Scandinavian origin? A. skirt B. alter C. their D. birth
84. Until 1066, the influence on English was mainly ___________. A. Latin B. French C. Germanic D. Celtic
85. After the Norman Conquest a continual flow of ___________ words into English.
A. Latin B. French C. Germanic D. Celtic
86. Between 1250 and 1500, about ___________ words of French origin poured into English.
A. 7,000 B. 6,000 C. 9,000 D. 10,000
87. ___________ of the words of French origin are still in use today.
A. Eighty-five percent B. Fifty-six percent
C. Seventy-two percent D. Seventy-five percent
88. As many as 2, 500 words of ___________ origin found their way into Middle English.
A. Dutch B. French C. Latin D. Celtic
89. Modern English began with the establishment of ___________ in England.
A. printing
B. Bourgeois Revolution C. Industrial Revolution D. Renaissance Time
90. Modern English began in ___________. A. 1700 B. 1066 C. 1500 D. 1900
91. Considering the changes in ___________ Early and Late Modem English.
A. grammar, 1600 B. grammar, 1700 C. vocabulary, 1600 D. vocabulary, 1700
92. Modern English is considered to be a/an ___________ language.
A. inflected B. analytic C. synthetic
D. new
93. Generally, the number of the present day English vocabulary is about ___________.
A. two million B. three million C. one million D. four million
94. Modern English vocabulary develops through ___________. A. creation
B. semantic change C. borrowing D. all the above
95. ___________ is not the reason of growth of present-day English vocabulary.
A. The rapid development of modern science and technology B. Social, economic and political changes C. The efforts of linguists
D. The influence of other cultures and languages
96. Modern English vocabulary develops through three channels: ___________, semantic change and ___________.
A. exchange, conversion B. compounding, borrowing C. creation, borrowing D. suffixation, creation
97. ___________ is the most important way of vocabulary expansion.
A. Creation
B. Semantic change C. Borrowing D. Meaning change
98. ___________ means an old form which takes on a new meaning to meet the new need.
A. Creation
B. Semantic change C. Borrowing D. Derivation
99. The word of \"recollection\" is formed by ___________. A. creation
B. semantic change C. borrowing D. collocation
100. Modern English vocabulary develops through three channels: ___________.
A. creation, conversion and borrowing B. creation, borrowing and back-formation C. creation, semantic change and borrowing D. semantic change, borrowing and back-formation
101. The Norman Conquest in 1066 introduced a large number of ___________ words into the English vocabulary.
A. French B. Greek C. Danish D. Latin
102. The introduction of ___________ had a great impact on the English vocabulary.
A. Hinduism B. Christianity C. Buddhism D. Islam
103. After the ___________, the Germanic tribes called Angles,
Saxons, and Jutes came in great numbers.
A. Greeks B. Indians C. Romans D. French
104. After the invading Germanic tribes settled down in Britain, their language almost totally blotted out the ___________.
A. Old English B. Middle English C. Anglo-Saxon D. Celtic
105. Between 1250 and 1500 about ___________ words of French origin poured into English.
A. 9,000 B. 900 C. 10,000 D. 20,000
106. Since the beginning of the 20th century, ___________ has become even more important for the expansion of English vocabulary.
A. word-formation B. creation
C. semantic change D. both B and C
107. The prehistoric Indo-European parent language is thought to be a highly language.
A. inflected B. derived C. developed D. analyzed
108. The five Romance languages, namely, Portuguese, Spanish, French, Italian, Romanian all belong to the Italic through an intermediate language called ___________.
A. Sanskrit B. Latin C. Celtic D. Anglo-Saxon
109. By the end of the ___________ century, English gradually came back into the schools, the law courts, and government and regained social status.
A. 12th B. 13th C. 14th D. 15th
1. The prehistoric Indo-European parent language is thought to be a highly ___________ language.
2. As the invading tribes took over and settled in Britain, the Celtic languages gradually ___________.
3. The surviving languages show various degrees of ___________ to one another.
4. The surviving languages accordingly fall into eight principal groups, which can be grouped into an Eastern set: Balto-Slavic, Indo-Iranian, Armenian and Albanian; a Western set: Celtic, Italic, Hellenic, ___________.
5. Scandinavian language refers to Icelandic, Norwegian, Danish and ___________.
6. After the Romans, the Germanic tribes came in great numbers. Soon they took___________ control of the land, which was to be called England.
7. Augustine came to spread ___________ in Britain at the end
of the 6th century.
8. Now people generally refer to Anglo-Saxon as ___________. 9. In the 9th century the land was ___________ again by Norwegian and Danish Vikings.
10. Middle English lasted for more than three hundred years from ___________ to ___________.
11. The four major foreign contributors to English vocabulary in earlier times are Latin, French, Scandinavian and ___________.
12. By the end of the eleventh century, ___________ all of the people who held political or social power and many of those in powerful church positions were of Norman French origin.
13. The English words \"power\\"crime\" are derived from ___________.
14. Modern English began with the ___________ of printing in England.
15. In the early period of Modern English, Europe saw a new upsurge of learning ancient and Roman classics. This is known in history as the ___________.
16. It is necessary to subdivide Modern English into Early (1500 -1700) and ___________ Modem English.
17. If we say that Old English was a language of full endings, Middle English was one of ___________.
18. It can be concluded that English has evoked from a synthetic language (Old English) to the present ___________ language.
19. The rapid development of ___________ and ___________ contributes a lot to the vocabulary development.
20. ___________ refers to the formation of new words by using the existing materials, namely roots, ___________ and other elements.
21. There're three modes of vocabulary development; creation, ___________ and borrowing.
22. World languages can be grouped into roughly ___________ language families on the basis of similarities in the basic word stock and grammar.
23. The surviving languages accordingly fall into ___________ principal groups, which can be grouped into an Eastern set and a Western set.
24. Scandinavian language refers to Icelandic, Norwegian, Danish and ___________.
25. Old English was the combination of three ___________ dialects which were used between ___________ and 1150.
26. Old English was a highly ___________ language just like modern German.
27. Old English has a vocabulary of about ___________ to ___________ words.
28. Middle English lasted for more than three hundred years from ___________ to ___________.
29. The four major foreign contributors to English vocabulary in earlier times are Latin, French, Scandinavian and ___________.
30. The English words \"power”, \"crime\" are derived from ___________.
31. The introduction of ___________ into England marked the beginning of modem English period.
32. Modern English began with the establishment of printing in England, and it can be subdivided into stages.
33. Modern English is a ___________ language.
34. The rapid development of ___________ and ___________ contributes a lot to the vocabulary development.
35. ___________ refers to the formation of new words by using
the existing materials, namely roots, ___________ and other elements.
36. There’re three modes of vocabulary development: creation, ___________ and borrowing.
37. It is necessary to subdivide Modern English into Early (1500 - 1700) and ___________ Modern English.
38. The language used in England between 450 and 1150 is called ___________.
39. If we say that Old English was a language of full endings, Middle English was one of ___________.
40. The surviving languages accordingly fall into eight principal groups, which can be grouped into an Eastern set: Balto-Slavic, Indo-Iranian, Armenian and Albanian; a Western set: Celtic, Italic, Hellenic, ___________.
41. It can be concluded that English has evolved from a synthetic language (Old English) to the present ___________ language.
42. Now people generally refer to ___________ as Old English. 43. The language used between 450 and ___________ is called ___________, which has a vocabulary of ___________. Middle English refers to the language spoken from 1150 to ___________. Followed by the ___________ period, subdivided as early modern English (___________) and late ___________ (1700-up to now).
( ) 1. English is more closely related to German than French. ( ) 2. Scandinavian languages refer to Icelandic, Norwegian, Danish and Swedish.
( ) 3. Old English was a highly inflected language.
( ) 4. In early Middle English period, English, Latin and Celtic existed side by side.
( ) 5.The introduction of printing into England marked the
beginning of Modern English period. ( ) 6. Modern English is considered to be an analytic language.
( ) 7. The four major foreign contributors to English vocabulary in earlier times are Latin, French, Scandinavian and Italian.
( ) 8. In modern times, borrowing brings less than ten percent of modern English vocabulary. ( ) 9. The three major factors that promote the growth of modern English vocabulary are advances in science and technology* influence of foreign cultures and languages.
( ) 10. The most important mode of vocabulary development in present-day English is creation of new words by means of word-formation.
( ) 11. Old English vocabulary was in essence Germanic with a small quantity of words borrowed from Latin and Scandinavian.
( ) 12. Middle English absorbed a tremendous number of foreign words but with little change in word endings.
( ) 13. Old English refers to the language used between 100 and 450.
( ) 14. We refer to Celtic as old English. ( ) 15. Words of old English had full endings.
( ) 16. In 55 B. C. -54 B. C., the Romans invaded the British Isles and were to occupy the land until about 410.
( ) 17. Celtic made only a small contribution to the English vocabulary.
( ) 18. Many religious terms such as abbot, candle, alter, amen were brought into English by Latin-speaking Roman missionaries.
( ) 19. Middle English lasted for more than four hundred years. ( ) 20. During the Middle English period, Celtic, Latin and English existed side by side.
( ) 21. During early Middle English period, Norman French became the polite speech while native tongue was a despised language.
( ) 22. Middle English was a language of full endings. ( ) 23. Modern English is a synthetic language.
( ) 24. After World War II, thousands of new words have been created to express new ideas, inventions and scientific achievements.
( ) 25. The influence of other cultures and languages is one of the main sources of new words. ( ) 26. Semantic change is the most important way of vocabulary expansion.
( ) 27. In the vocabulary development, some old words fell out of use.
( ) 28. The introduction of printing into England by William Caxton marked the beginning of Middle English period.
( ) 29. Historically speaking, American English is older than British English.
( ) 30. The Norman Conquest virtually introduced French-English bilingualism into Britain. ( ) 31. The late Modern English period is characterized by the complete loss of endings.
1.What are the main sources of new words?
2. What are the features of Old English, Middle English and Modern English? What changes has English undergone as far as inflection is concerned?
3. What are the reasons for the growth of contemporary English vocabulary?
因篇幅问题不能全部显示，请点此查看更多更全内容