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英语中从句的种类主要分为定语从句和名词性从句以及状语从句。
定语从句,是修饰名词或代词的从句。它可以由关系词引导,如who, which, that等。比如句子:“The book that I read yesterday is interesting.”中,"that I read yesterday"就是修饰"book"的定语从句。
名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。主语从句在句子中充当主语,比如:“What he said was surprising.”;宾语从句在句子中充当动词或介词的宾语,比如:“I don't know when he will come.”;表语从句在句子中充当系动词的表语,如:“He is a person who is honest.”;同位语从句在句子中解释或补充名词的信息,如:“The news that I heard was exciting.”
状语从句主要用来修饰主句的时间、地点、原因、结果、程度、方式、目的和条件等。例如,时间状语从句:“If I finish my homework, I can play games.”;地点状语从句:“When I am in Beijing, I like to visit the Great Wall.”;原因状语从句:“Because he was sick, he didn't go to school.”;结果状语从句:“He was happy, so he smiled.”
综上所述,英语中的从句种类丰富,掌握它们的用法对于提高英语水平具有重要帮助。理解从句的结构和功能,可以使我们更准确地表达自己的想法,让句子的表述更加流畅和自然。